SU(3) Spin–Orbit Coupled Rotating Bose–Einstein Condensate Subject to a Gradient Magnetic Field

Guang-Ping Chen,Chang-Bing Qiao,Qi Jia,Jin-Xia Zhu,Pu Tu,Xiao-Fei Zhang

doi:10.3389/fphy.2021.768799

Abstract

We consider a harmonically trapped rotating spin-1 Bose–Einstein condensate with SU(3) spin–orbit coupling subject to a gradient magnetic field. The effects of SU(3) spin–orbit coupling, rotation, and gradient magnetic field on the ground-state structure of the system are investigated in detail. Our results show that the interplay among SU(3) spin–orbit coupling, rotation, and gradient magnetic field can result in a variety of ground states, such as a vortex ring and clover-type structure. The numerical results agree well with our variational analysis results.

Highlights

Spin–orbit coupling (SOC) plays an important role in a variety of physics branches
To highlight the effects of the SOC, rotation, and gradient field, we focus on the antiferromagnetic condensate with c2 > 0 and fix the contact coupling parameters c0 100 and c2 3
A vortex ring is formed along the ring direction, and the number of vortex increases with the gradient magnetic field

Summary

INTRODUCTION

Spin–orbit coupling (SOC) plays an important role in a variety of physics branches. The realization of SOC in neutral atomic gases has attracted major attention both theoretically and experimentally [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10]. It is found that a variety of topological defects, such as a magnetic monopole and quantum knot, and even the artificial SOC can be realized by controlling the gradient magnetic field [30,31,32,33,34] Li and his co-authors have investigated the ground state of three-component BEC in the gradient magnetic field. SU(3) Spin–Orbit Coupled Rotation and obtained the central Mermin–Ho vortex, magnetic monopole, and symmetry vortex lattices [35, 36] They have investigated the ground state of SU(2) SO-coupled BEC in the magnetic field and found that the skyrmion chain can induced by the isotropic SU(2) SOC [37]. We consider an SU(3) SO-coupled rotating BEC subject to a gradient magnetic field and show that the system has a rich variety of ground states.

MODEL AND METHOD

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

CONCLUSION