Abstract
The theoretical and methodological bases of the present research are based on the theory of Wolfgang Iser, which distinguishes between the concepts "text" and "literary work." "Text" is produced by the author and exists in a single variant, representing a symbolic code that is waiting for its implementation, before which it has only virtual meaning. "Literary work" is what arises in the act of reception - as a result of the reader's activity in the realization of the semantic potential of the text - and exists in a multitude of receptive variants. In the process of the reader's communication with the text, “the horizon of expectations" of the text, which contains the requirements for the reader coded in the text, interacts with “the horizon of expectations" of the reader, which is based on the requirements imposed on the text by the reader. The merging of the "horizons" is the key to an adequate understanding. In the present paper, the interaction of “the horizons of expectations" of the text and the reader is represented in the form of "windows", "created" by the text and the reader in the experience of the perceiving consciousness. "The expectations of the text" are considered in the form of "windows" formed by phenomena and horizons. They are attached to three levels of the structural features of the olonkho texts: the active (eventive) level, the level of accenting rhythms and the semiotic level, which are the most illustrative for the conducted research. "The expectations of the reader" are provided by three fundamental limits of dynamic equilibria (identification limit, communication limit and the limit of the rhythms of world harmony), which are attached to the levels of text singled out above.
Highlights
At the present time, a direction of literary studies has developed where the methods of hermeneutics go hand in hand with the methods of phenomenology
According to the approach developed by Roman Ingarden, the structural basis of a literary work consists of several levels
“The window of expectations of the text” corresponds to the phenomena and horizons of the text, it is informed by features of plots, rhythms, images of heroes, architectonics, formulas of several categories (Lord, 1994), repetitions in description of the surrounding world and in elements of the plot, direct appeals to the reader
Summary
A direction of literary studies has developed where the methods of hermeneutics go hand in hand with the methods of phenomenology. This direction is closely connected with the activity of the receptive-aesthetic school established in Konstanz (Germany). The turn of modern literary criticism to the figure of the reader was completed, started by Martin Heidegger, Hans-Georg Gadamer and continued by Roman Ingarden. This approach fits well with the philosophical study of the texts of the Yakut heroic epos olonkho. When “the horizons of expectations” of the text and the reader coincide, the perception of the Yakut heroic epos olonkho is fully realized
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