Abstract
In this research, the effect of adding two different types of reinforcing particles was investigated, which included: nano-zirconia (nano-ZrO2) particles and micro-lignin particles that were added with different volume fractions of 0.5%, 1%, 1.5% and 2% on the mechanical properties of polymer composite materials. They were prepared in this research, as a complete prosthesis and partial denture base materials was prepared, by using cold cure poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA) resin matrix. The composite specimens in this research consist of two groups according to the types of reinforced particles, were prepared by using casting methods, type (Hand Lay-Up) method. The first group consists of PMMA resin reinforced by (nano-ZrO2) particles, while the second group consists of PMMA resin reinforced by (micro-lignin) particles.
 The mechanical tests performed in this research includedtensile test, compression test, impact test and hardness test. The results of this study showed that the values of tensile modulus of elasticity, compressive strength and hardness properties increased with increasing the volume fraction of these particles in PMMA composite materials. While, the values of tensile strength, elongation and impact strength properties decreased. Also, the addition of (nano-ZrO2) particles showed greater effect than that of (micro-lignin) particles in some properties of PMMA composite materials for prosthesis denture base materials specimens, while they have lower effect for the other properties.
Highlights
Many biomaterials are available in medicine and dentistry fields, which can be classified as metals, polymers, ceramics and composites materials, with all have advantages and drawbacks and they are developed to be used for bone and tooth problems
The tensile strength values results that obtained from tensile test that carried out on poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA) composite specimens for prosthetic denture base materials that prepared in this research are shown in the Chart (1), which show the effect of adding both types of the particles which include with different volume fractions on the tensile strength of PMMA composite
While the tensile modulus of elasticity values results that obtained from tensile test that carried out on PMMA composite specimens for prosthetic denture base materials that prepared in this research are shown in the Chart (2), which show the effect of adding both types of the particles which include with different volume fractions on the tensile modulus of elasticity of PMMA composite
Summary
Many biomaterials are available in medicine and dentistry fields, which can be classified as metals, polymers, ceramics and composites materials, with all have advantages and drawbacks and they are developed to be used for bone and tooth problems. Ceramics are brittle and have low fracture toughness All these properties of polymers, ceramics and metals are considered and combination to produce the composite materials. The polymer material using in dentistry fields, but polymer composites materials are available in a wide variety of compositions and properties, which make them suitable for several orthopedic and dentistry applications such as (dental implantation and denture base materials), because they have good properties such as good elastic modulus, high strength, low creep and high heat deflection as compared to polymer materials [1]. The composite materials have many important properties which make them suitable for many dentistry uses, many researches done for bone, denture base and tooth substitute as composite materials composed of different particles and a polymer matrix [2]. The complete denture replaces all the teeth in one dental arch, the objectives of these treatment they would be have good speech, good appearance, effective chewing and biting, comfort and the ability to engage in various social and interpersonal activities [3]
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