Abstract
The concept of the research is based on the study of middle-level cloud cover, and its upper span reaches 6 km, and it may exceed that up to 7 km, as it may overlap slightly in the level of high clouds.In terms of frequency, the upper and lower limit for the period 1988-2018 and spatially for the nine types of middle-level clouds by choosing 13 climate monitoring stations distributed geographically. The study showed that the highest annual average monthly recurrence for the first type was recorded for the Diwaniyah station during April, the second type for the Mosul station in December, the third for Baghdad in December, the fourth type for the Diwaniyah station in November and the fifth in the Al-Hayy station in January, the sixth for the Baghdad station in October and the seventh for the Khalis station in March and the eighth station of Nasiriyah in November. As for the ninth type, it was found from the study that the stations did not record frequency of this type, as the annual rate of the monthly recurrence of its presence is almost non-existent for all stations.
Highlights
INTRODUCTIONClouds have an important effect on the climate because they are the source of rain and snow that reach the earth
Clouds have an important effect on the climate because they are the source of rain and snow that reach the earth. They affect solar and terrestrial radiation which determine the amount of penetration from the sun heat to the earth or from the earth heat to the upper atmosphere. Whether it is day or night, meteorological data and cloud cover are used in weather analysis which is very important for solar energy, air traffic management and weather forecasts
Research limits The spatial boundaries of the research are represented by the political borders of Iraq where 13 climate monitoring stations represented (Mosul, Kirkuk, Khalis, Baghdad, Hilla, Al-Hayy, Al-Rutba, Najaf, Diwaniyah, Samawah, Al-Amara, Nasiriyah, Basra) are chosen and studied, because they represent difference and disparity of the surface sections Iraq topographic (Map 1) The temporal boundaries were represented by studying a major climate cycle (30 years) for the period 1988-2018, based on observational data for eight daily observations
Summary
Clouds have an important effect on the climate because they are the source of rain and snow that reach the earth They affect solar and terrestrial radiation which determine the amount of penetration from the sun heat to the earth or from the earth heat to the upper atmosphere. Research method The research required some procedures, including the availability of data for middle-level clouds from the period 1988-2018 and processing them. They resulted in numerical tables and charts in graphic forms, using Microsoft Excel 2013. Characteristics and indications of types of middle-level clouds as shown in Table (1)
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