Abstract
Mitochondria are tiny organelles that provide almost all the required energy supply of eukaryotic cells in the form of ATP through a process known as oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). OXPHOS is carried out by five protein complexes (CI-CV) consisting of up to 44 subunits (CI). The majority of the subunits are encoded by nuclear DNA (nDNA), but 13 major subunits are still encoded in mitochondrial DNA (mt-DNA). These two genomes (nDNA and mtDNA) could have different types of genetic variation, which may lead to compatibility problems between the different subunits that need to orchestrate as a unit during the critical steps of oxidative phosphorylation.
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