Study the effects of smoking on selected oral biomarkers levels in chronic periodontitis cases in Al-Hilla city

Abstract

Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) is a hydrolase enzyme, a membrane-based glycoprotein produced by many cells within the area of the periodontium and gingival crevice. Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is a cytokine that functions as a white blood cell growth factor. GM-CSF stimulates stem cells to produce granulocytes (neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils) and monocytes. Subjects and method: the study comprised 40 participate , 25 smoker chronic periodontitis , 15 normal subject as control , age ranged between (20-50) years old , this study carried out in periodontal department clinic/ collage of dentistry / university of Babylon , Hilla city , Iraq, 5 ml of unstimulated whole saliva was collected from all subjects to measure Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) by Enzyme- linked immunosorbent assay technique (ELISA). Results : the result show there are highly -significant differences in the levels of(ALP and GM-CSF) between smoker and control Conclusion: Smoking in chronic periodontitis patients has positive effects on levels of (ALP and GM-CSF) in saliva.