Study the Anatomical Descriptions and Histological Observations of the Kidney in Golden Eagles (Aquila Chrysaetos)

Ramzi Abdul Ghafoor Abood Al-Agele

doi:10.30539/iraqijvm.v36i2.456

Abstract

The present study is preliminary investigate of the kidney gross morphology and some histological observations was studied in golden eagle (Aquila Chrysaetus). The anatomical descriptions of the kidneys had revealed a paired kidney and ureters were protrude, flattened and extra-peritoneal organs. The kidney tissue is transverse by major nerve trunks and blood vessels, securing the kidneys tightly in place. Each kidney consists of three lobes: cranial, middle and caudal lobes. The cranial lobe was the largest and wider than the other two lobes and the caudal lobe was appeared similar to middle lobe but little smaller than it. There is no line of demarcation between cortex and medulla as in mammals. The glomerulus consisted of a tightly packed central core of mesangial cells, surrounded by capillary loops. The cytoplasm of the proximal convoluted tubules cells contains condensing vesicles and a large apically situated nucleus. The distal convoluted tubules and collecting ducts were distinguished on a topographical basis revealed that varied slightly in their reactions with PAS stain and appeared as vacuoles or look like vesicles contains secretion from lining epithelial cells of distal convoluted and collecting tubules which appeared diffused in cross section. The cells of distal convoluted tubules and collecting tubules possessed vesicles with a clearly defined coated outer membrane and some had small blebs invaginated membrane. However in this study found vesicles or vacuoles in the lumen of collecting tubules revealed the secreting cells had margins that were often incompletely membrane –bound and continuous with the apical cell margin as if discharging their contents to the tubular lumen.

Highlights

The macro and fine anatomical structure of the avian kidney has been scantily documented and most of the published observations have been concerned with the domestic fowl (Gallus domesticus); these include the reports of (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9)
While this study focus on the golden eagle because this type of birds fly for long time and eating meat only and neglecting studies on the kidney of golden eagles
The present study investigated the gross morphology of the kidney of golden eagle (Aquila Chrysaetus) shot in wild (Fig. 1)

Summary

Introduction

The macro and fine anatomical structure of the avian kidney has been scantily documented and most of the published observations have been concerned with the domestic fowl (Gallus domesticus); these include the reports of (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9). Histological structures and functions of the kidney. In many studies that previously talked about avian kidney demonstrated as uniqueness in structures among vertebrate kidney in having two types of nephrons: those with and without a loop of Henle (looped and loop less respectively) (13, 18 and 19). Birds and mammals are the only classes of vertebrate that are consistently able to produce hyperosmotic urine. In birds, this ability to produce hyperosmotic urine is limited compared to that of mammals (13 and 20). Most nephrons resemble reptilian nephrons with simple proximal and distal convoluted tubules without loops of Henle and empty at right angles into collecting ducts (18). Sutterlim, (21) found there were considerable heterogeneity in nephron structure, ranging from very short, cortical nephrons, which lack loops of Henle to deeper, transitional nephrons and, to looped mammalian-type nephrons

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Conclusion