Abstract
In order to prevent smoke from flowing backward and penetrating into adjacent tunnel through cross channels during evacuation in case of fire accidents in highway tunnels, it is extremely necessary to implement the linkage control scheme for double-hole tunnel ventilation system. Therefore, six linkage control schemes for ventilation system are proposed in this article. Firstly, these six schemes were numerically simulated through Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) to obtain the flow velocity, flow direction, and smoke distribution under different schemes when the peak power of fire accidents is 30 MW. And two better schemes were selected for further investigation based on the evacuation conditions in the upper stream of fire source. Secondly, a 1 : 10 scale model experiment was conducted to test these two schemes, and the results from numerical simulation and model experiment were compared and verified. Finally, the location of fire accident, the time to develop stable opposite airflow, and the number of open cross channels were analyzed to confirm the applicability of the recommended scheme. The results show that the optimal scheme is to switch on the fans in the upstream of the fire accident and the fans on both sides of the cross channel in the non-fire tunnel to form positive pressure to control the smoke flow. This scheme ensures a stable and uniform smoke flow in the cross channel and personnel’s safety during evacuation.
Highlights
Fire accident is the riskiest factor for operating highway tunnels [1]
By comparing the numerical simulation results and model test results of two ventilation system linkage control schemes, it is found that the results are similar
Fire location has an impact on the flow velocity in the cross channel under Scheme 5, smoke is effectively controlled and the smoke downstream of the fire can be stabilized under these three working conditions. erefore, smoke in the cross channel and fire tunnel can be stably controlled by the ventilation system linkage control scheme to ensure the safety of personnel upstream of the fire when fire occurs in different locations
Summary
Fire accident is the riskiest factor for operating highway tunnels [1]. In 1999, 38 people died in a fire in the Mont Blanc Tunnel connecting Italy and France. In 2006, six people died in a fire at the Viamala Tunnel on Switzerland’s A13 Highway. There is an increasing number of long tunnels in China. Fire accidents in highway tunnels in China are increasing. A bus spontaneously ignited in Wuxi Huishan Tunnel in 2010 and killed 24 people. In 2014, in Yanhou Tunnel of Jinji Expressway in Jincheng in Shanxi Province, a methanol tanker rear-ended another one, causing a fire accident and killing 40 people. A kindergarten shuttle bus spontaneously ignited in Taojiakuang Tunnel in Shandong Weihai in 2017 and killed 13 people. In Futuyu No 5 Tunnel of Zhangshi Expressway in Hebei Province, a gas tanker explosion ignited 5 coal trucks, resulting in 12 deaths. More than 90 people have been killed in highway tunnel fires in China since 2010
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