Study on the travelers’ P&R usage behavior during snowfall in the corridor valley pattern city

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According to the characteristics of corridor valley pattern cities, this paper presents four aspects of terrain space perception. Using a structural equation model (SEM), the four-dimensional terrain space perception is analyzed through second-order confirmatory factor analysis. A random parameter Logit model (RPLM) was developed to examine the impact of individual socioeconomic attributes, objective built environment, travel characteristics, and terrain space perception on travelers’ Park and Ride (P&R) use behavior during snowfall conditions. Additionally, a Logit model was utilized to assess how individual socioeconomic attributes of travelers in corridor valley pattern cities influence their perception of terrain space during snowfall weather. The findings indicate that the four latent variables related to terrain space perception proposed in this paper effectively explain travelers’ perception of terrain space in corridor valley pattern cities, and the observed variables also support these latent variables. The subjective and objective built environment of corridor valley pattern cities significantly affect travelers’ P&R usage behavior during snowfall weather, and there is heterogeneity in the terrain space perception during snowfall weather among different travelers in corridor valley pattern cities. Furthermore, the gender, age, income, and experience of using P&R of travelers in corridor valley pattern cities play a significant role in moderating terrain space perception.