Abstract
Copper mine road dust is the major source of dust in mine operations. The dust produced on the road surface is a great hazard to the workers. Aiming at the road dust of an open-pit mine, this paper conducts a physical and chemical analysis of a new type of chemical dust suppressant. It is prepared by using sodium polyacrylate as a binder, sodium carbonate as a moisture absorbent, polyethylene glycol as a water-retaining agent, and alkyl glycoside as a surfactant. Physical and chemical characteristics and dust suppression performance of dust suppressant were tested. The results show that the dust suppressant has a pH of 11.03, a viscosity of 18.5 mPa·s, and a surface tension of 28.1 mN/m. The content of heavy metal ions contained is less than the maximum concentration defined by "The norms for the integrated treatment of copper mine acidic waste water." Under the same temperature condition, the greater the humidity, the stronger the hygroscopicity. Especially when the humidity is 30%, the hygroscopic effect is contrary to water. The dust suppressant also has good anti-evaporation properties, and it could maintain a moisture content of 4% to 5% after being placed at room temperature for 10 days. Compared with water, the dust suppressant has better performance of wind erosion, water erosion, and compression resistance. Under the same conditions, the loss rate of water is 2 times that of the dust suppressant, and the pressure of the dust suppressant sample is about 3 times that of water. The dust suppressant has a much higher dust removal efficiency for all dust and respirable dust than water under the same conditions. Finally, the test results and mechanism of the dust suppression mechanism of the dust suppressant are described and analyzed, which shows that the dust suppressant studied in this paper has good performance and is suitable for road dust prevention.
Highlights
The pH value and environmental protection determine whether the dust suppressant can meet the national industrial wastewater discharge standards, and the viscosity value and Surface tension has an influence on the dust suppression effect of the dust suppressant
The experimental results show that the average surface tension of the solution was 28.1 mN/m
The smaller the surface tension, the smaller the contraction force, the easier it is to spread on the surface, and the easier it is for the dust suppressant solution to wet the dust
Summary
Chu et al (2012), Viktor Stabnikov et al (2013), and others studied the performance of chemically synthesized biopolymer dust suppressants. Jianlong Liu et al (2000) studied the performance of a MPS dust suppressant which has two mechanisms of wetting and adhesion. Han et al (2020) studied a dust suppressant through the effect of a surfactant and ionic liquid on the physical and chemical properties of acidified coal. In response to this shortcoming, the research team of this subject has developed a new type of compound chemical dust suppressant, the main components of which are the binder, moisture absorbent, water retention agent, and surfactant. The performance test of the dust agent includes analyzing the hygroscopicity, anti-evaporation, wind erosion resistance, pressure resistance, a corrosiveness test, and a scanning electron microscope experiment. Through the analysis of the dust suppression mechanism, the dust suppression effect of the dust suppression agent is comprehensively evaluated
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