Abstract
This research investigates the physical mechanism of a water layer on the morphological evolution of a transient-pulse high-speed water jet. Numerical methods were used to explore the influence of a water layer on an underwater explosive jet to observe the physical processes and streamline distribution during formation of the jet. An experimental system measured velocity and wall pressure, captured the evolution of the jet shape in different modes and determined the formation conditions of a transient-pulse water jet. When the tube is located above the water layer, the top of the jet forms a significant tip. When the tube is located below the water layer, the explosion in the tube produces a transient-pulse water jet. Under the action of the tip edge effect and tip front effect, a ligament is formed. The transient-pulse water jet produces a compression wave, leading to water hammer and necking phenomena and increasing the impact area and speed. With different angles of incidence, similar pulse tower-shaped structures and gravity are the main influencing factors of jet morphology, which can be decomposed into different shapes. It is concluded that the water layer plays a crucial role in the jet morphological evolution and rupture mode.
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