Study on the new technologies that will boost hydrogen as a global energy vector

Abstract

The emission of greenhouse gases (GHG) into the atmosphere represents a real problem and a great challenge for the following decades; the effects of climate change are already palpable: warmer temperatures, ocean and sea level rise as well increased frequency of high precipitations events. Further warming will inevitably occur in the decades to come-the question is whether it can be limited to two degree rise-and will place higher pressure on ecosystems and human populations, particularly those living in tropical areas. Middle and upper classes of emerging countries increased their CO2e emission more than any other group within the past 15 years. The new geography of global emitters calls for climate action in all countries.1 Based on our new global energy paradigm; the present work aims to carry out a study in the field for renewable energies, on the great potential that would take advantage of the use of hydrological resources available in the potential zones of the developing economies, on the production and use of Hydrogen as a clean energy vector like a promising source and sustainable economy in the coming years. Overpopulation, uncontrolled massive migratory flows and the current Codiv-19 pandemic, all this coincides and is presented in a timely manner; given the current energy situation, which is practically becoming unsustainable, due to the intense and irrational use of fossil fuel. Which as a consequence of this the entire planet is suffering the effects of global warming; which failure to reverse the situation will cause major environmental catastrophes in the short term. Hydrogen, the most abundant element of the universe since it is not free in nature, is necessary to produce it from hydrogenated substances, mainly water and hydrocarbons. The easy availability and abundance of the material from which hydrogen can be obtained, as well as the diversity of means to obtain it; provide a great potential as an energy alternative. This, coupled with the fact that the use of hydrogen only leaves water as the only residue; makes it very favorable to the environment, looking for ways to produce it only with renewable energy sources, such as solar, wind, hydraulic, among others. These characteristics will boost energy economy based abundant hydrogen.2 In order to have a clear and general idea of the research project to be carried out, it will begin with a study in different segments, given the extensive information required, it will begin as follows: Firstable an analysis of greenhouse gas emission globally; what countries lead the most greenhouse emission to the atmosphere. Second the new trends and research that involved the hydrogen in advanced economies. What recent technologies will drive the massive consumption of hydrogen globally? To respond this question, It will be investigated what countries that currently lead the use of hydrogen and which technologies currently are already demanding a significant consumption of hydrogen, then will be analyzed data collected from studies about this new energetic paradigm, and if there is a correlation between population growth, percentage of energy demand, geographical area and the technological services sector. Variables obtained will be graphed and analyzed; and finally some preliminary results will be reported in the present work