Abstract
Water is inevitable for our life. Due to the population growth, there is a tremendous pressure on the existing fresh water resources such as surface water and ground water. Increasing water demand and improper usage of potable water lead to scarcity of fresh water resources. Globally, treating grey water is a real constraint to minimize the problem of water scarcity. The continuous flow-based constructed wetland system for grey water treatment is a technique for reusing the domestic grey water and it is a low-cost method. The current study was aimed to evolve a suitable user-friendly treatment system for handling the household grey water. In the present study, grey water has been collected from the Bharathidasan University and it has been treated with biofiltration and rhizhodegradation techniques using continuous flow-based constructed wetland system. The system has been found as more effective for treating the Physico-chemical parameters such as suspended solids, pH, electrical conductivity, TS, TDS, DO, BOD, COD, TOC, CO3, HCO3, SO4, NO3, PO4, Ca, Mg, Na, K, total hardness, calcium hardness, chloride, and total alkalinity. The results reported the reduction in the biological oxygen demand (89%), chemical oxygen demand (81%), DO (95%), carbonate (100%), sodium (65%), and potassium (85%).It also examined the benefits and risks associated with the results in the reuse of domestic grey water for the purpose of vegetable gardening, irrigation, and toilet flushing. Consequently, this biofiltration method is natural, simple, and low cost-effective treatment in a holistic manner.
Highlights
Water scarcity in the world is increasing day by day
The present study showed that the treated wastewater from continuous vertical flow constructed wetland can be utilized for landscape irrigation, gardening, plant growths, and toilet flushing
The designed low-cost technology for grey water treatment was found to produce grey water characterized by high potential for BOD, COD, chloride, PO4, and carbonate
Summary
Water scarcity in the world is increasing day by day. It is essential to recover and reuse the wastewater from various routine activities. There are three options for water reuse: rain water, grey water, and black water. Grey water reuse by biological treatment and its reuse options were investigated. Grey water is wastewater generated from domestic activities such as laundry, dishwashing, and bathing that can be recycled on-site for reuse in landscape irrigation and constructed wetlands [3]. The primary benefit of grey water reuse is that it conserves water resources for potable uses, despite it reduces the service demand on the potable water supply (source, treatment, and transmission), demands on the downstream wastewater infrastructure (collection, treatment, and disposal), and potential impacts on the receiving environment [6]. This study will focus on grey water treatment and its use as an alternative water resource in rural areas through an economical way. Our designed grey water treatment process is like a low technology systems, called extensive or natural systems
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