Abstract
Providing reliable public water service is a big challenge in Indonesia, especially for small cities, due to various constraints such as budget, regulation, and technical problems. Besides, people’s preferences play a significant role in domestic water utilization. This research particularly aims to identify factors influencing public preferences for domestic water use in Kota Metro, Lampung Province, Indonesia to find the reason why public water service is less preferable in this city. We did a household survey and performed a multinomial logistic regression and multiple correspondence analysis to investigate the preferable domestic water source and influential factors determining the choice. We found that accessibility and water quality are the two strongest motives in choosing domestic water use. Our analysis also shows that the respondent’s choice is influenced by his or her income, family size, and proximity to the pipe network. Subsequently, we synthesized our empirical findings and the existing situation of the domestic water fulfillment in Kota Metro to suggest an improvement proposal inspired by the circular economy concepts. We recommend a mixture of a pipe water service and community-based water management to improve the current domestic water fulfillment.
Highlights
In 2019 the Badan Pusat Statistik (Central Bureau of Statistics—BPS) recorded that 89.27% of households in Indonesia have already had access to decent drinking water [1]
In Kota Metro, which is a small city located in Lampung Province, Indonesia, the data shows that 79.48% of 42,298 households have already had access to water but only 5.05% of them are served by piped water service provided by the local government [3]
Kota Metro is a small city located in the southern part of Sumatera Island, Indonesia
Summary
In 2019 the Badan Pusat Statistik (Central Bureau of Statistics—BPS) recorded that 89.27% of households in Indonesia have already had access to decent drinking water [1]. In Kota Metro, which is a small city located in Lampung Province, Indonesia, the data shows that 79.48% of 42,298 households have already had access to water but only 5.05% of them are served by piped water service provided by the local government [3] This is below the average percentage of households that utilize piped water at the national level, which is 10.37% [4]. The Indonesian government, in particular, allocated IDR 950 billion (approximately USD 63.780 million) to expand the water pipelines targeting for 290,000 households in 2018 [7] Despite this big effort, the piped water still shares a less significant portion of the domestic water fulfillment in Indonesia and becomes less preferable year by year [8]. It is exacerbated by the extract-use-dispose practice in domestic water utilization and the wastewater has not been well managed
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