Abstract
The Free Water Surface wetland (FWS) has emerged as a promising technological solution for wastewater treatment in natural environments. The study aimed at investigating the performance of a laboratory-scale Free Water Surface wetland (FWS) unit designed to treat domestic wastewater with a daily capacity of 20 liters. This model can be applied at some rest stops towards creating "Green Rest Stops" on highways. The laboratory experiments on bronze banana plants have shown that the model operates effectively under specific settings and with the characteristics of residential wastewater from public toilets, which has undergone pretreatment through septic tanks. These conditions are conducive to promoting healthy growth in the plants. The FWS model for cultivating canna hybrid plants (Canna generalis) has a total surface area of 0.26 square meters and operates based on the principles of free wastewater flow. The model has a water retention duration of 70 hours, approximately three days. The treatment efficiency for TSS, BOD5, NH4+ - N, and Coliform is 37-53%, 73-77%, 41-46%, and 37-54%, respectively. The treated wastewater complies with the National technical regulations on water quality, QCVN 14:2008/BTNMT (B) standards
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