Abstract
Risk assessment and emergency responses to ensure the safety of ships crossing the Arctic have gained tremendous attention in recent years. However, asymmetry in the probability that people will receive aid when navigating through the Arctic still exists because of the unsystematic allocation of rescue bases in the Arctic. At the same time, no study has proposed an overall solution to the problem of allocating rescue bases in the Arctic region to safeguard people’s interests. In this paper, we investigated the main natural factors affecting the safety of ship navigation in the Arctic based on the statistics of ship accidents in the Arctic from 1995 to 2004. The navigation risk of the Arctic was then assessed based on these natural factors, reflecting the need for rescue at all locations in the Arctic. Next, 37 cities with good infrastructure were selected among those along the Arctic as candidate locations for rescue bases. Finally, a new model was constructed based on the Set Covering Location Model, Double Covering Location Model, and P-Median Model to determine the optimal allocation of rescue bases in the Arctic. The rescue bases covered all the areas in the Arctic, and minimized cost in terms of distance and other economic factors. In addition, the constructed model ensured that two rescue bases were allocated to the areas with high navigation risk.
Highlights
The sea ice in the Arctic has been melting at rapid rates due to the rising levels of global warming [1].According to the Fifth Assessment Report (AR5) of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), it is highly likely that the Arctic sea ice will melt completely in late summer during the second half of the 21st century
The same when using the greedy to algorithm solve constructed the model constructed here, At the same whentime, using the greedy algorithm solve thetomodel here, this paper this paper assumed that allbases candidate bases were selected as the final result and removed assumed that all candidate were selected as the final result first, and thenfirst, removed the candidate the candidate bases one by one, which minimized the added cost in each iteration until the number bases one by one, which minimized the added cost in each iteration until the number of remaining of remaining bases equaled the number of bases that needed be built
Arcticwere rescue bases for around the Arctic region. In it this a total candidate rescue bases for countries around the Arctic region. In this a total ofwas candidate rescue bases were determined by consulting a large number of data sets.study, The Set-Double Covering Median Model (SDCMM)
Summary
According to the Fifth Assessment Report (AR5) of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), it is highly likely that the Arctic sea ice will melt completely in late summer during the second half of the 21st century. These conclusions were further confirmed by analyses of the Climate. This will lead to complete opening of the Arctic passages. The melting of sea ice is just one of the basic conditions that promote safe navigation in the Arctic. Statistics indicate that more than 293 incidents occurred in the Arctic between and 2004 [2], which shows that emergency response and rescue strategies are required in the Arctic, given that people are navigating in the Arctic regions
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