Abstract
The axial magnetic field (AMF) plays a crucial role in maintaining the diffusion of vacuum arcs within contact gaps, making it a key component in vacuum breaking systems. To enhance contact surface utilization, a novel vacuum cup-type AMF contact was designed, featuring a stronger axial magnetic field at the edge and weaker at the centre. Through Ansys Maxwell 3D simulations, the designed contact increased the effective utilization area by 18 %. Experimental analysis demonstrated that, compared to traditional contacts, the designed contact exhibited lower arc voltage and significant arc diffusion. Ablation of the designed contact was more concentrated at the edge, with scanning electron microscope (SEM) images revealing four microscopic morphologies: overlapping craters, bright metal droplets, various-sized flakes, and fine particles. Energy dispersive spectrum (EDS) analysis provided insights into the cathode surface's elemental composition and droplet growth. Additionally, the study explored the influence of different slotting parameters on vacuum arc characteristics, including contact plate configurations, cup bottom slotting, and cup wall tilt, focusing on the arc initiation stage, arc voltage rise, and arc shape transition.
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