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Abstract
Articular Cartilage has limited potential for self-repair and tissue engineering approaches attempt to repair articular cartilage by scaffolds. We hypothesized that the combined hydroxyapatite and zirconia stabilized yttria would enhance the quality of cartilage healing. In ten New Zealand white rabbits bilateral full-thickness osteochondral defect, 4 mm in diameter and 3 mm depth, was created on the articular cartilage of the patellar groove of the distal femur. In group I the scaffold was implanted into the right stifle and the same defect was created in the left stifle without any transplant (group II). Specimens were harvested at 12 weeks after implantation, examined histologically for morphologic features, and stained immunohistochemically for type-II collagen. In group I the defect was filled with a white translucent cartilage tissue In contrast, the defects in the group II remained almost empty. In the group I, the defects were mostly filled with hyaline-like cartilage evidenced but defects in group II were filled with fibrous tissue with surface irregularities. Positive immunohistochemical staining of type-II collagen was observed in group I and it was absent in the control group. The hydroxyapatite/yttria stabilized zirconia scaffold would be an effective scaffold for cartilage tissue engineering.
Highlights
Healing of cartilage injuries of the joints remains a difficult problem in orthopedic surgery
Because of its avascular tissue with a low level of mitotic cellular activity, articular cartilage defects have a poor capacity for repair[1]
Bilateral fullthickness cylindrical osteochondral defect, 4 mm in diameter and 3 mm depth, was created on the articular cartilage of the patellar groove of the distal femur using a drill-bit with continuous saline irrigation (Figure 1A)
Summary
Healing of cartilage injuries of the joints remains a difficult problem in orthopedic surgery. Because of its avascular tissue with a low level of mitotic cellular activity, articular cartilage defects have a poor capacity for repair[1]. Cartilage injuries of the joints leading to osteochondral defects are exceedingly common[2]. Several clinical methods have been used to repair cartilage lesions, including microfracture, mosaicplasty, and cell-based therapies[3]. These methods have not always provided satisfactory results[4,5]. Tissue engineering presents a potentially effective method of treating cartilage damage[6]
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