Abstract
Introduction: PIH is a common condition associated with changes in placenta. It leads to increased perinatal mortality. The present study was conducted to assess the morphological and histopathological changes in placenta in cases of pregnancy induced hypertension. Subjects and Methods: The present comparative study included 49 cases of PIH and 49 normotensive mothers. Clinical details and placental morphology were noted. Results: That the two groups are similar with no significant difference. Placental weight and diameter were similar in PIH and control groups (p>0.05). However, placental thickness and number of cotyledons were greater in PIH group (p=0.00) while placental volume was lower with significant difference (p=0.01). PIH group showed greater proportion of infarction, calcification, hyalinised area per 10 lpf and intervillous haemorrhage (p=0.00). Conclusion: PIH leads to gross and microscopic changes in placental morphology.
Highlights
pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH) is a common condition associated with changes in placenta
The gestational period was lower in PIH group and the difference was significant (p=0.00)
Placental weight and diameter were similar in PIH and control groups (p>0.05)
Summary
The human placenta is an intrauterine fusion of fetal and maternal tissues and is the vital organ for maintaining pregnancy and promoting development of the fetus. [1] Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy are common. Pre-eclampsia is characterized by increase of blood pressure upto140/90 mm of Hg recorded on two occasions 6 hours apart with proteinuria (0.3 gms or more protein in 24 hour collected sample with 1+ or greater on urine dipstick test) after 20th weeks of gestation involving multiple organ system. It is more common in primigravidae (10%) than multigravidae (5%). In pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH), pathological changes in the placenta such as infarction, calcifications, diffuse placental thrombosis, inflammatory placental vasculopathy and abnormal trophoblastic proliferation occur.
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