Abstract

This paper presents the effects of dynamic state estimation (DSE)-based instrumentation channel error correction on protective relays. It discusses the possible mis-operations of relays caused by current transformer (CT) saturation for three typical protection schemes: distance protection, current differential protection and setting-less protection. For each protection scheme, it compares the relay responses with the estimated measurement samples and with the legacy measurement samples, respectively. Extensive cases have demonstrated that when large errors introduced by CT saturation, the legacy measurement samples can lead to slower operations for distance relay in case of internal faults, and unnecessary trip decisions during external faults for current differential relay and setting-less relay. In contrast, with the estimated measurement samples, the relays can correctly identify internal faults and avoid mis-operation in case of external faults.

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