Abstract
Comprehensive early warning of drinking water sources is a multi-target, multi-level and multi-factor system. The complex nonlinear relationship between early-warning indicators and warning limit levels has not been founded. In the present study, the combination weight of early-warning indicators was first determined by combining Delphi–Analytic Hierarchy Process subjective weight and entropy objective weight. For uncertain characteristics of qualitative indicators, the grey weight matrix is obtained through grey evaluation theories. The grey-fuzzy comprehensive early-warning model was established based on advantages of combination weights, grey evaluation and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation theories. Then, a multi-factor and multi-level warning system, of which results were represented by ambiguity warning level, was put forward and applied to Gucheng Lake. The results showed that the comprehensive security degree of Gucheng Lake is 5.43, which is between warning level (degree is 6) and heavy warning level (degree is 4). This indicated that Gucheng Lake needs to improve protection measures and enhance the safety of drinking water source.
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