Abstract
The maximum power point tracker is a DC-DC electronic converter that optimizes the match between the solar array (photovoltaic panels) and the battery bank (stand-alone type) or utility grid (grid-tie type). They convert a higher and variable voltage DC output from photovoltaic panels down to the lower voltage needed to charge batteries or for on-grid inverters. The MPPT controller depends on the operating conditions of the photovoltaic panels, but also on the electrical characteristics of the electrical loads. The aim of the MPPT controller is to keep the operating point as close to the maximum power point. The paper presents a MPPT controller with 8-bit microcontroller. The microcontroller monitors the voltage and current of the photovoltaic panel as well as charging the battery. The controller is a buck converter, having a P channel MOSFET transistor. A microcontroller that also manages the charging of the batteries with the three charging stages, bulk, absorption, float and, also, the manual equalization option. Also, the battery bank is monitoring by measuring the temperature with a NTC thermistor.
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