Abstract
Protection schemes are usually implemented in the planning of transmission line operations. These schemes are expected to protect not only the network of transmission lines but also the entire power systems network during fault conditions. However, it is often a challenge for these schemes to differentiate accurately between various fault locations. This study analyses the deficiencies identified in existing protection schemes and investigates a different method that proposes to overcome these shortcomings. The proposed scheme operates by performing a wavelet transform on the fault-generated signal, which reduces the signal into frequency components. These components are then used as the input data for a multilayer perceptron neural network with backpropagation that can classify between different fault locations in the system. The study uses the transient signal generated during fault conditions to identify faults. The scientific research paradigm was adopted for the study. It also adopted the deduction research approach as it requires data collection via simulation using the Simscape electrical sub-program of Simulink within Matrix laboratory (MATLAB). The outcome of the study shows that the simulation correctly classifies 70.59% of the faults when tested. This implies that the majority of the faults can be detected and accurately isolated using boundary protection of transmission lines with the help of wavelet transforms and a neural network. The outcome also shows that more accurate fault identification and classification are achievable by using neural network than by the conventional system currently in use.
Highlights
During the early years of electricity usage, local communities generated their electricity on a small scale to provide power for lighting and heat utilities
Transmission lines were constructed to deliver the power from the generation station to the distribution center nearest to the consumer at a high voltage
Any interruption across a transmission line will spread from one point to another across the network [5]
Summary
During the early years of electricity usage, local communities generated their electricity on a small scale to provide power for lighting and heat utilities. As communities grew into towns, and towns grew into cities, the demand for electricity grew at a steady rate This demand resulted in the construction of large generating stations away from cities and closer to sources of fuel. Transmission lines were constructed to deliver the power from the generation station to the distribution center nearest to the consumer at a high voltage. These lines are not perfect and are susceptible to faults that can cause high voltage and current spikes within the system. Any interruption across a transmission line will spread from one point to another across the network [5]
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