Abstract
Urban Heat Islands (UHI) consist of the occurrence of higher temperatures in urbanized areas when compared to rural areas. During the warmer seasons, this effect can lead to thermal discomfort, higher energy consumption, and aggravated pollution effects. The application of Remote Sensing (RS) data/techniques using thermal sensors onboard satellites, drones, or aircraft, allow for the estimation of Land Surface Temperature (LST). This article presents a systematic review of publications in Scopus and Web of Science (WOS) on UHI analysis using RS data/techniques and LST, from 2000 to 2020. The selection of articles considered keywords, title, abstract, and when deemed necessary, the full text. The process was conducted by two independent researchers and 579 articles, published in English, were selected. Qualitative and quantitative analyses were performed. Cfa climate areas are the most represented, as the Northern Hemisphere concentrates the most studied areas, especially in Asia (69.94%); Landsat products were the most applied to estimates LST (68.39%) and LULC (55.96%); ArcGIS (30.74%) was most used software for data treatment, and correlation (38.69%) was the most applied statistic technique. There is an increasing number of publications, especially from 2016, and the transversality of UHI studies corroborates the relevance of this topic.
Highlights
The growing number of papers published on the Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect, especially since 2016, from 48 to 118 publications at the time, emphasizes the interest by the scientific community in the dissemination of this issue, considering its causes and consequences in several dimensions, such as environmental, social, and economic
This scientific relevance should add to the need for the promotion of an integrated urban climate planning [217], using valuable data as a primary input [218], as a way to tackle the challenges posed by this complex effect
It was observed that the methodological approaches and the impacts analyzed concerning the UHI were diverse and transversal, which adds to the complexity of this issue and corroborates with the need for researchers to know, as much as possible, the specificities inherent to the areas of study
Summary
Urbanization is an anthropic alteration that generates modifications in surface materials due to vegetation suppression, albedo variation, and soil sealing, influencing the local energy balance, contributing to the formation of the Urban Heat Island (UHI) [1].This effect is a consequence of the greater absorption of electromagnetic energy and the slow cooling of urbanized surfaces compared to surrounding areas with the presence of vegetation [2,3].This local dynamic contributes to an increase in surface temperature, with a subsequent reduction in relative humidity and latent heat, and an intensification of sensible heat.The main causes of UHI formation are: (i) the ability of building materials to store heat;(ii) anthropogenic heat production; (iii) alteration and minimization of wind speed as a function of surface roughness; and (iv) increased absorption of solar radiation from lower albedo surfaces, among others [4,5,6,7].Due to the relevance of the topic, studies focusing on understanding the causes and effects of UHI are increasing, including the analysis of the variability in air temperature in urbanized areas and its underlying mechanisms [8,9,10,11]. Urbanization is an anthropic alteration that generates modifications in surface materials due to vegetation suppression, albedo variation, and soil sealing, influencing the local energy balance, contributing to the formation of the Urban Heat Island (UHI) [1]. This effect is a consequence of the greater absorption of electromagnetic energy and the slow cooling of urbanized surfaces compared to surrounding areas with the presence of vegetation [2,3]. Voogt and Oke (2003) [12]
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