Abstract
The relevance of the research is due to the fact that the Kashagan field has resumed oil and gas production, and up to this date more than 40 million tons of oil have been produced. In this regard, the study of the state of pollution of surface waters and its dynamics is relevant. This article is aimed at detecting the state of contamination with biogenic elements, oil products, phenol, synthetic surfactants and heavy metals. The leading approach to the study of this problem is State Standard 17.1.5.04-81; The seawater sampling procedure is carried out in accordance with ISO 5667-9: 1992 and ISO 5667-2. The article presents the results of research conducted in 2019 and the dynamics of pollution with pollutants in the area of the Kashagan, Kairan and Aktoty fields in the licensed territory. At the Kashagan field, samples were taken from 14 observation stations for the study. The fields of Kairan and Aktoty are currently preserved. In this regard, 2 observation stations were studied at each of these deposits and the results were compared with the results of the previous year. Based on the data obtained, it was revealed that biogenic elements remained at the same level and below the maximum permissible concentration for the entire study period. Comparison with last years’ studies shows that in 2019, the concentration of biogenic elements was lower than 2018. The content of oil products and synthetic surfactants for the study period was higher than in 2018, but lower than the MPC for the fisheries reservoir, and the phenol content was at the level of 2018 and exceeds the maximum permissible concentration by 3 times. Heavy metals for the entire study period were at the same level, with the exception of copper and iron, the concentration of which is higher than in 2018, but less than the MPC. The materials of the article are of practical value for scientists engaged in the study of the state of the inland seas, undergraduates, doctoral students.
Highlights
Before independence, the Caspian Sea was a source of biological resources for 4 states of the former USSR, especially valuable fish species, which were supplied to the world market
Authors of works [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12] investigated the state of contamination of water column in the studied area with biogenic elements, oil products, phenol, synthetic surfactants and heavy metals
Studies were carried out in the licensed territory for three seasons, since the Northern Caspian Sea is covered with ice in winter, the average concentrations of the values of the investigated substances of each season are shown in tables and Figures 1-3
Summary
The Caspian Sea was a source of biological resources for 4 states of the former USSR, especially valuable fish species, which were supplied to the world market. Kazakhstan, since 1993, began to conduct intensive exploration work on hydrocarbon raw materials in the Kazakhstani sector of the Caspian Sea. Authors of works [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12] investigated the state of contamination of water column in the studied area with biogenic elements, oil products, phenol, synthetic surfactants and heavy metals. Content of biogenic elements [15,16,17,18,19], petroleum products [20], phenols [21], SPAS [22] and heavy metals [23] was determined in accordance with State Standard
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