Abstract
An experiment was conducted in the research field of the Islamic Azad University of Karaj in 2007 to study the relationship between weed seed bank at the start of the growing season and weed populations during the growing season, as well as to study the distribution pattern of the weeds. In this experiment, seed bank sampling was carried out at the beginning of the growing season (after planting the corn crop), and sampling of the populations of weed seedlings was performed at the four-leaf stage, at the 8 – 10 leaf stage, and at tussle formation, in 96 places using the networking method. Then, on the basis of the abundance of weed seeds in the soil and the seedlings germinated at different sampling stages, the relationship between seed bank and seedling populations was investigated; and it was found that there is a significant relationship between seed bank at the start of the growing season and the population of weed seedlings during the growing season. The greatest correlation (r=0.83) was that between Flora 1 and the seed bank, indicating that weed density at this stage (the four-leaf stage of corn) was at its maximum, and that it was the best time for weed control. Next, the field was mapped with the help of the GS+ (GS plus) software, and the isotropic and anisotropic diagrams of each of the species were plotted with the help of semi-variogarms. Results obtained showed that the distribution pattern of weed species in the field was patchy, with different species having different patch diameters. Finding the correlation between seeds and floras makes it possible to determine the best time for weed sampling and weed control.
Highlights
The special features of weeds, such as the large number of seeds produced, the high germination rate and the rapid establishment, the very fast growth and development, the long dormancy, the preservation of vitality, the adaptation to dissemination and distribution, and the vegetative propagation parts, have always made them very strong competitors of field crops; and today, in spite of the considerable amount of money and time spent in controlling them, they continue to damage field crops (Douglas, 1995)
An experiment was conducted in the research field of the Islamic Azad University of Karaj in 2007 to study the relationship between weed seed bank at the start of the growing season and weed populations during the growing season, as well as to study the distribution pattern of the weeds
In this experiment, seed bank sampling was carried out at the beginning of the growing season, and sampling of the populations of weed seedlings was performed at the four-leaf stage, at the 8 – 10 leaf stage, and at tussle formation, in 96 places using the networking method
Summary
The special features of weeds, such as the large number of seeds produced, the high germination rate and the rapid establishment, the very fast growth and development, the long dormancy, the preservation of vitality, the adaptation to dissemination and distribution, and the vegetative propagation parts, have always made them very strong competitors of field crops; and today, in spite of the considerable amount of money and time spent in controlling them, they continue to damage field crops (Douglas, 1995). The semivariogram states the common spatial relationship between the seed bank population and the population of germinated weed seedlings (Cardina & Sparrow, 1996). By studying the trend of changes in seed bank and the flora of the weeds during the growing season, and through studying the relationship between them, it is possible to find a suitable pattern for predicting the composition and the density of weed species, to determine the appropriate time for weed control in the field, and to decide on the optimum time and the most suitable method of exercising good management with the purpose of reducing the density of the seeds present in the weed seed bank
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