Abstract
Contact friction between moving components leads to severe wear and failure of engineering parts, resulting in large economic losses. The lubricating ability of the protic ionic liquid, tri-[bis(2-hydroxyethylammonium)] citrate (DCi), was studied as a neat lubricant and as an additive in a mineral oil (MO) at various sliding velocities and constant load on an aluminum–steel contact using a pin-on-disk tribometer. Tribological tests were also performed at different concentrations of DCi. When DCi was used as an additive in MO, friction coefficient and wear volume were reduced for each sliding velocity, with a maximum friction and wear reduction of 16% and 40%, respectively, when 2 wt % DCi was added to MO at a sliding velocity of 0.15 m/s. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) were also applied to analyze the wear mechanism of the interface lubricated by MO and DCi as additive.
Highlights
Aluminum is widely used in different industries due to its beneficial chemical and physical properties [1]
The lubricating ability of a protic ionic liquid was studied as an additive to an mineral oil (MO)
When 1 wt % different sliding velocities and a (DCi) was used as an additive in MO, friction and wear were reduced compared to that seen with the neat MO at all velocities studied
Summary
Aluminum is widely used in different industries due to its beneficial chemical and physical properties [1]. Its high strength-to-weight ratio makes it very useful in automobile and aerospace industries [1,2]. When used in these types of applications, aluminum is often subjected to different sliding velocities with different materials. When it is in contact with different materials, due to its poor tribological properties, the system is very difficult to lubricate [3,4]. Different types of additives were used in lubricants to reduce friction and wear. These additives offer intrinsic properties like anti-wear agents, resistance to rust and corrosion, and improvement in viscosity [6]. Ionic liquids (ILs) gained more attention as they possess good properties like high thermal stability, non-flammability, negligible volatility, and ultra-low vapor pressure [7,8,9,10]
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