Abstract
Headspace-solvent microextraction (HS–SME) with sample ultrasound irradiation was successfully used for the study of the influence of nitrogen fertilization and plant density on the essential oil yield and composition of cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) seeds. The components were collected into a single microdrop of n-heptadecane and directly injected into a GC–MS injection port for analysis. A simplex method was used for fast optimization of the extraction parameters. The experiments were executed as split-plot based on randomized complete block design. Nitrogen fertilization as the main factor (in four levels) and plant density as subsidiary factor (in three levels) were applied. It was shown that the total GC peak areas of the HS–SME extract, is proportional to the essential oil yield of the cumin seeds obtained by a hydrodistillation method. Furthermore, similar trends in the concentrations of cuminaldehyde and most other volatile components were obtained by the two methods.
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