Abstract
Mg1-xCuxFe2O4 (x = 0.0–0.5) was prepared by the double sintering ceramic method, which sintered at 1100°C and 1200°C for 3 hours and investigated for structural, microstructural, and magnetic properties as a function of the Cu content and cooling process. XRD analysis of 1100°C sintered samples revealed that all the samples were crystallized in a single-phase cubic spinal structure. The microstructural and magnetic properties of slow cooled (furnace-cooled) and fast cooled (quenched) Mg-Cu ferrites have been studied using the scanning electron microscope (SEM), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), and Mössbauer spectroscopy after sintering at 1200°C. Homogeneous coaxial grains did not form for any furnace-cooled samples, while for the quenched sample, homogeneous grains were clearly visible even without doping with Cu. Substantial grain growth was witnessed by the samples with higher copper content for both cooling conditions, whereas quenched samples possessed a smaller grain size compared to furnace-cooled samples. The saturation magnetization experienced a higher value for quenched samples compared to furnace-cooled samples with increasing Cu content except for x = 0.4. The sextet pattern of Mössbauer spectroscopy confirmed all the samples were ferromagnetic in nature. Chemical shift, quadrupole shift, hyperfine field, and site occupancy of Fe3+ were also obtained using Mössbauer spectroscopy.
Highlights
Magnetic ferrites have gained a lot of attention from scientists, engineers, and industrialists due to their extraordinary physical and chemical properties along with their super surface activity
Copper-doped magnesium ferrites are partially inverted spinel ferrites, and basically, this doping causes a rearrangement of Fe3+ ions into the two preexisting octahedral and tetrahedral sites. e magnetic interaction and cation distribution between tetrahedral (A) and octahedral (B) lattice sits are responsible for the physical, electrical, and magnetic properties of spinel ferrites. e cation distribution of ferrite is influenced by many factors such as the synthesis method, cations substitution, and postpreparation heat treatments [7,8,9]
A phase analysis using the X-ray technique was performed to confirm the formation of a single-phase cubic spinel structure with no extra lines corresponding to any other crystallographic phase. e results obtained from the X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern for all the samples of Mg1-xCuxFe2O4 with the (h k l) values corresponding to the diffraction peaks of different planes (220), (311), (400), (422), (511), (440), and (533) which represent either odd or even indicating the samples are spinel cubic phase
Summary
Mg1-xCuxFe2O4 (x 0.0–0.5) was prepared by the double sintering ceramic method, which sintered at 1100°C and 1200°C for 3 hours and investigated for structural, microstructural, and magnetic properties as a function of the Cu content and cooling process. E microstructural and magnetic properties of slow cooled (furnace-cooled) and fast cooled (quenched) Mg-Cu ferrites have been studied using the scanning electron microscope (SEM), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), and Mossbauer spectroscopy after sintering at 1200°C. E saturation magnetization experienced a higher value for quenched samples compared to furnace-cooled samples with increasing Cu content except for x 0.4. E sextet pattern of Mossbauer spectroscopy confirmed all the samples were ferromagnetic in nature. Quadrupole shift, hyperfine field, and site occupancy of Fe3+ were obtained using Mossbauer spectroscopy
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