Abstract
Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is a common fungal infection that affects healthy women of all ages. At least 75% of women will develop one or more infections once during their lifetime, with 6 to 9% of those individuals developing recurrent infections. In view of this context, this study sought to evaluate the antifungal potential of the isolated ( R )-(+)-citronellal [( R )-(+)-CT] and associated to therapeutic agents of clinical importance. The enantiomer was solubilized in tween 80 and dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO). Posteriorly diluted in sterile distilled water up to the concentration of 2048µg/mL. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the product was determined by microdilution in RPMI-1640 obtaining dilutions of 1024-4µg/mL. The minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) was determined by the Sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA) depletion technique from aliquots of 1µL of the MIC, MIC × 2 and MIC × 4. The MIC and the MFC values of ( R )-(+)-CT for 90% of the C. albicans strains were 16 and 32µg/mL respectively. In the susceptibility test, C. albicans presented a high resistance to fluconazole and to itraconazole, 12 (92.30%) of the strains. However, for ketoconazole and miconazole the resistance was of 4 (30.76%) and 3 (23.07%) of the strains respectively. In the combination testing of the ( R )-(+)-CT with ketoconazole and miconazole, the resistance was completely reverted. For fluconazole and itraconazole, the resistance was reverted in 9 (75%) and 7 (58.33%) of the strains respectively. The ( R )-(+)-CT presented fungicide activity with MFC of MIC × 2. When in combination with ketoconazole, fluconazole, itraconazole and miconazole increased the inhibition zones of these antifungal drugs, reducing the resistance against C. albicans .
Highlights
Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) affects 75% of all women at least once during their lifetime, occurring more frequently during fertile age (ADESIJI et al, 2011, GANDHI et al, 2015)
Various species of Candida have been involved in VVC and recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis (RVVC), Candida albicans is the predominant etiological agent, causing 85-95% of these infections (HONG et al, 2014, BEHZADI et al, 2015)
VVC can be manifested as a simple form, as sporadic cases of light infection caused by C. albicans
Summary
Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) affects 75% of all women at least once during their lifetime, occurring more frequently during fertile age (ADESIJI et al, 2011, GANDHI et al, 2015). Another smaller group of women (6-9%) experience the recurrence of this disease, called recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis (RVVC) and defined as presenting at least 3 symptomatic episodes during the 12 previous months even though some researchers demand still, an additional episode (FOXMAN et al, 2013, JACK, SOBEL, 2016). The diagnosis is frequently and entirely based on signs and symptoms without any diagnostic tests to confirm, and the treatment depends on whether the infection is complex or simple (BEHZADI et al, 2015, DOVNIK et al, 2015)
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary 
Published Version (
Free)
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call