Study of Some Resistance Genes of Salmonella from Asymptomatic Patients in Baghdad Government

Abstract

Aim The current study aimed to isolate and diagnose Salmonella typhi bacteria from people with typhoid fever and their role in pathogenicity and to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility and virulence-associated genes. Methodology In all, 110 human stool samples from Iraqi patients were collected between November 2022 and the end of April 2023. The colony morphology method was used to identify the isolates. The antimicrobial susceptibility test was conducted using the disc diffusion method and the VITEK-2 Compact system. Results The antibiotic sensitivity test was conducted, as the current study showed that all isolates were 100% resistant to Ampicillin (AM) and Pincillin (P) of the β-lactams group, and Cefotaxime (CTX) of the Cephalosporines. The resistance was 93.7% for amoxicillin-clavulanic acid,while the resistance was weak or non-existent for the group of Carbapenem antibiotics, which was 9.37% for imipenem (IPM) and non-existent for meropenem (MEM), meaning that the bacteria are fully sensitive. The re-sults also showed that the resistance to some antibiotics of the Tetracycline group was low compared to the Cephalosporine group and the β-lactams group. In Tetracycline (TE), it was 15.6%, and Doxycycline antibody was 21.8%. Aztreonam (ATM), which belongs to the Monobactams group, showed a high resistance of 96.8%, as well as high resistance also appeared by 93.7% to Ciprofloxacin (CIP) and 56.1% to Chloramphenicol (C), while the resistance was low by 18.7% to Levofloxacin (LEV). Conclusion Serotype typhi was the most common serotype of Salmonella enteric that caused enteric fever during the course of the study.The majority of the Salmonella isolates exhibited an intermediate level of sensitivity to ciprofloxacin, indicating a heightened resistance to the drug used in the treatment of enteric fever.