Study of some heavy metals pollution indicators for mineral configuration of soil and plant by wastes of Alexandria city-Babylon Governorate

Abstract

The research included the content study of some soils Alexandria and Al-Musayyib cities of As, Zn, Ni and Pb in Babylon Governorate that determined by GPS between Longitude 32°77′81′′N and Latitude 44°29′00′′E. It was carried out on all field and laboratory requirements on the samples to estimate the soil, sand and clay content of heavy metals by XRF. Ni occupied the highest values in soil samples (200.50–276.10 mg/kg), as well as in the sand and clay samples (18.43–31.16 and 97.15–134.47 mg/kg, respectively). While in Alfalfa plant, especially the dry matter content of the roots was zinc 25.08–45.13 mg/kg. The single Ni pollution index was also the highest 1.29–1.32 in soils, but in sand, As was the predominant 1.61–1.75, and Zn 1.36–1.54 in clay. In the same vein, potential ecological risk index was 1.36, 1.72 and 1.51 consecutively. While the comprehensively ecological risk index for As was predominant in soil pollution 12.30–14.10, as well as sand from 16.10 to 17.50 and clay from 10.10 to 13.90. Zn was the most common dry matter enrichment factor for leaves 1.76–1.82, for roots 1.60–1.81, and for biological concentration factor of 0.32–0.36 and 0.37–0.38, respectively. Clay contributed to pollution of soil, especially as 48.06–55.37% higher than sand 17.89–25.47%. On the contrary, the sand contributed to the contamination of the dry matter of the roots with Zn of the plant with Zn more than clay 153.40–189.91 and 65.67–77.26% consecutively. Depending on results of XRD curves and peaks intensity, the percentage of montmorillonite clay was 31.3% in contaminated soils higher than the soil of comparison (23.42%).