Abstract
Diabetes is a persistent medical disease that is rapidly spreading globally, and one of its most severe outcomes is diabetic nephropathy. Various markers may be used to detect renal disease at an early stage, which, if not treated, progresses to kidney failure, and often leads to death. The present research aims to detect early signs of diabetic nephropathy by comparing renal function decline in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus to that of healthy individuals without diabetes in Al-Ramadi City. This research included a total of 80 blood samples, which were categorized into two distinct groups. Fifty samples were obtained from patients diagnosed with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) who were recruited from a private clinic, while the remaining thirty samples were collected from individuals who were deemed to be in good condition and served as normal healthy controls. All participants had comprehensive history collection, meticulous clinical examination, and standard laboratory tests, which included fasting blood sugar, hemoglobin A1c, urea, and creatinine. The fasting blood sugar and HbA1c levels in the blood, as well as the levels of urea and creatinine in the serum, exhibited a substantial rise (P<0.001) in patients with type II diabetes mellitus compared to the control group. The diagnosis of renal failure arising from complications of T2DM might rely on examinations of FBS, HbA1C, Urea, and Creatinine as reliable prognostic indications.
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