Abstract
Objective: This study was done to explore the correlation if any, between obesity markers adiponectin, leptin, and protein oxidative stress (OS) status in obese with and without type 2 diabetic mellitus (T2DM) patients.
 Methods: In the present study, 30 healthy subjects, 30 obese non-diabetics, and 30 obese T2DM patients were enrolled. Protein OS parameters such as advanced oxidation of protein products (AOPPs) and protein carbonyl (PC) were estimated. Serum leptin, adiponectin, and insulin levels were measured by ELISA.
 Results: The AOPP, PC, leptin, leptin adiponectin ratio (LAR), insulin, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) levels were significantly higher in obese non-diabetic and obese T2DM as compared to healthy control (p<0.001). However, serum adiponectin levels were significantly lower in obese non-diabetic and obese T2DM as compared to control (p<0.001). HOMA-IR and LAR both the index of IR were increased in obese non-diabetic and obese T2DM. Positive correlations were observed for AOPP with body mass index, PC in obese non-diabetic and with fasting blood glucose, postprandial blood glucose, HOMA-IR, and PC in obese T2DM. A negative correlation was found between PC and adiponectin in obese non-diabetic and obese T2DM. A significant inverse correlation was obtained between leptin and adiponectin in obese T2DM only.
 Conclusion: The present study suggested that increased protein OS, hyperinsulinemia, and hyperleptinemia may lead to hypoadiponectinemia in obese with and without T2DM. Moreover, determination of protein oxidation markers can be useful for monitoring the dysregulation of adipokines and glucose metabolism in obesity and T2DM.
Highlights
Obesity is an epidemic and worldwide complication that represents a major health issue of the 21st century
Many studies have shown that obesity, especially visceral obesity is linked to chronic low-grade inflammation in hypertrophied adipose tissue that leads to initiation and progression of metabolic disorders such as dyslipidemia, hypertension, atherosclerosis, insulin resistance (IR), and type 2 diabetic mellitus (T2DM) [1]
The demographical and clinical parameters studied in all groups were classified by BMI In Table 1, fasting blood glucose (FBG), total cholesterol (TC), TG, Low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol, very LDL (VLDL)-cholesterol, insulin, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were found to be with significantly higher in obese-non diabetic and obese T2DM groups as compared to healthy control (p
Summary
Obesity is an epidemic and worldwide complication that represents a major health issue of the 21st century. Many studies have shown that obesity, especially visceral obesity is linked to chronic low-grade inflammation in hypertrophied adipose tissue that leads to initiation and progression of metabolic disorders such as dyslipidemia, hypertension, atherosclerosis, insulin resistance (IR), and type 2 diabetic mellitus (T2DM) [1]. Adipose tissue is a major source of energy for the human body and inert storage reservoir for lipids [2]. The term adipokines can be defined as a biologically active substance released by adipose tissue [3]. It is considered as a largest endocrine organ of the body that helps in the regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism, insulin sensitivity and secretion, inflammatory process, appetite, satiety, energy expenditure, endothelial function, blood pressure, and neuroendocrine regulation [4]. Most of the adipokines are proinflammatory and less the number of anti-inflammatory adipokines [5,6]
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Free) 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call
