Study of open crack in rotor shaft using changes in frequency response function phase

Abstract

In recent years, significant efforts have been devoted to developing non-destructive techniques for damage identification in structures. This study investigated the effects of cracks and damages on the integrity of structures, with a view to detect, quantify, and determine their extents and locations. Previous works have used parameters, such as, changes in natural frequencies and mode shapes, as detectors. However, such parameters are not sensitive enough to detect early defects. In this paper, phase measurements are sought. Measurements of the acceleration frequency responses at different points on each rotor shaft were taken using a multi-channel frequency analyzer. The damage detection schemes used in this study depended on the changes in the phase of the measured acceleration frequency response functions. To study the changes of phases, it was interpreted in phase spectrum and Nyquist plot. Nyquist plot was used as it includes both real and imaginary parts of the amplitude and this was used to study phase shifts due to the presence of crack. The changes in phase depended on crack depth and how close the crack is to that mode shape node. Meanwhile, the changes in phase of lower eigenvectors were observed clearly. Thus, first mode shape was helpful in identifying the location of the crack. The vibration behavior of the rotor shaft was shown to be very sensitive to the crack depth, crack location and mode number. It is concluded that changes in phase as a function of crack depths and locations can be effective in crack detection methodology.