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Abstract
A cost-effective, iron- and manganese-oxide-supported clinoptilolite-based rock was prepared. Based on its nanoporous structure, it worked as a nanoreactor, thereby providing enhanced functionalities. The mono- and bimetallic Fe- and Mn-oxide-supported clinoptilolite was thoroughly characterized with thermoanalytical FT-IR, XRD, SEM, and XPS spectroscopy. All the spectral procedures that were used confirmed the occurrence of a new MnO2 phase (predominantly birnessite), including mostly amorphous iron oxi(hydr)oxide (FeO(OH)) species on the surface of the above-synthesized adsorbents. The synthesized products validated a considerably higher adsorption capacity toward Pb(II) pollutants compared to the natural clinoptilolite. The following order of a(max) toward Pb(II) was found: MnOx-zeolite (202.1 mg/g) > FeO(OH)-MnOx-zeolite (101.3 mg/g) > FeO(OH)-zeolite (80 mg/g) > natural zeolite (54.9 mg/g). The adsorption equilibrium data were analyzed by the two-parameter empirical isotherm models Langmuir, Freundlich, and BET as well as the three-parameter Redlich–Peterson isotherm.
Highlights
Over the few past decades, there has been a dramatic increase in literature data dealing with the design, synthesis, characterization, and property evaluation of zeolites and other advanced materials in a variety of disciplines
The FeO(OH)-manganese oxides (MnOx)–zeolite was prepared as the FeO(OH)-zeolite, only instead of the natural type, the MnOx-zeolite was used as starting material
Curve can be interpreted as a evaporation, desorption, reduction, and/or decomposition process of the substance examined. According to these thermoanalytical measurements, the sharp endothermic minima under 100 ◦ C were observed in differential thermal analyses (DTA) curves for all zeolite samples (Figure 1a–d)
Summary
Over the few past decades, there has been a dramatic increase in literature data dealing with the design, synthesis, characterization, and property evaluation of zeolites and other advanced materials in a variety of disciplines. The Fe and Mn oxide-based adsorbents are considered to be effective and low cost adsorption materials for environmental pollutant removal [3,4,5,6]. As they may cause a potential human risk based on nanoscale effect, they need to be immobilized onto various supports (carriers) when their particle size for surface enlargement is below 100 μm [1,2,8]. To enhance the understanding of iron and manganese species redox reactions and their interactions with water pollutants, the application of bimetallic-oxide-deposited zeolite with its multiple characterization techniques must be employed. The aim was to verify their adsorption properties toward Pb(II), and to contribute to the development of new approaches in adsorption-based water purification
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