Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an inflammatory disease that affects the colon and rectum. Recently, evidence has emerged about the influence of microbiota on the development of this disease. However, studies on the role of intestinal microbiota in the pathogenesis of UC have been incomplete. In addition, there are no comprehensive studies of the causes of ulcerative colitis and data on the microbiological composition of the intestines of patients with ulcerative colitis in Russia. We carried out a study of the microbiological composition of the intestines of patients with ulcerative colitis and healthy individuals. We found significant changes in the bacteria genera and species in patients with UC compared with the control group using sequencing on the IonTorrent PGM system and subsequent data analysis. In our study we observed a significant increase of the genus Haemophilus, Olsenella, Prevotella, Cedecea, Peptostreptococcus, Faecalibacterium, Lachnospira, Negativibacillus, Butyrivibrio, and the species Bacteroides coprocola, Phascolarctobacterium succinatutens, Dialister succinatiphilus, Sutterella wadsworthensis, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii in patients with ulcerative colitis. In addition, in patients with ulcerative colitis there was a significant decrease in the genus Fusicatenibacter, Butyricimonas, Lactococcus, Eisenbergiella, Coprobacter, Cutibacterium, Falsochrobactrum, Brevundimonas, Yersinia, Leuconostoc and in the species Fusicatenibacter saccharivorans. We found confirmation of our data with literary sources and studies of UC. In addition, we discovered a few taxa such as Negativibacillus spp. and Falsochrobactrum spp. that have not been previously found in human stool samples. Our data confirm that more research is needed to understand the role of microbiome changes in the development of UC in different people populations.
Highlights
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) of the colon that continuously causes superficial inflammation of the mucous membrane, extending from the rectum to the more proximal part of the colon [1]
We studied the microbiological composition of the intestines of patients with UC in the Central European part of Russia and compared the data with the control group
Healthy patients without UC were used for a control group
Summary
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) of the colon that continuously causes superficial inflammation of the mucous membrane, extending from the rectum to the more proximal part of the colon [1]. The transcriptional profile of the mucosa has been shown to interact with the microbiota of the colon. Bacterial functions, such as the production of butyrate can affect gene expression of the mucosa. It was shown that patients with UC had a lower percentage of potentially protective bacteria species than their healthy twins [3]. In patients with UC, the intestinal microbial population as well as the functional diversity and stability of intestinal bacteria are impaired, leading to a decrease in the number of specific Firmicutes bacteria and an increase in the number of Bacteroidetes bacteria and facultative anaerobes [4]. In patients with UC, there is a decrease in the intestinal population of representatives of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes phyla, as well as an increase in the population of Lactobacillus [7]. Some microbial pathogens may be associated with intestinal inflammation, and patients with UC may harbor Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis, adhesive-invasive Escherichia coli, Helicobacter sp., Salmonella sp., Yersinia sp., Fusobacterium sp., Listeria sp. and norovirus species [10]
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