Study of microalbuminuria as a nephropathic marker in type 2 diabetes mellitus and its correlation with the glycated hemoglobin

Abstract

Diabetic nephropathy is the main cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with diabetes mellitus. The results of many clinical studies shows variation in the correlation of HbA1c and microalbuminuria in type 2 diabetes mellitus. In the present study we tried to correlate the HbA1c levels and microalbuminuria with respect to duration in type 2 diabetes mellitus cases and also studied microalbuminuria as a marker of nephropathy in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted in the Department of Biochemistry at Raichur Institute of Medical Sciences. 100 subjects were recruited based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 50 were healthy controls and 50 were type 2 DM patients. FBS, PPBS, blood urea, serum creatinine, HbA1c, serum sodium, serum potassium and urinary micro albumin were analyzed. Statistical analysis was done by using student ‘t’ test and Chi square test. Results: A statistically significant difference was observed in values of FBS, PPBS, blood urea, serum creatinine, HbA1c, serum sodium, serum potassium and urinary microalbumin levels in cases compared to controls. In our study the mean HbA1c values were 5.1321.11% in controls and 7.5121.19% in cases & mean HbA1c value in patients without microalbuminuria is 7.130.84 and in patients with microalbuminuria is 8.121.44 which is statistically significant (p=0.005). Conclusion: The present study concluded that estimating glycosylated hemoglobin as an indicator of glycemic control and microalbuminuria in random urine sample for renal involvement in diabetic subjects provide a convenient method for early diagnosis and intervention. Thus the study suggests microalbuminuria as a nephropathic marker in type 2 diabetes mellitus. The possibility, delay or reverse the progression of diabetic nephropathy can be achieved only by perfect long term metabolic control. Keywords: Diabetic Nephropathy, HbA1c, Microalbuminuria, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.