STUDY OF INFLUENCE OF METAL NANOOXIDES ON CHARACTERISTICS OF COMPOSITE MATERIALS BASED ON POLYURETHANES

Abstract

The paper presents the results of studies on the possibility of modifying the polyurethane matrix by the introduction into their structure of nanoscale fillers. The influence of the nature and content of nanosize additives of metal oxides (Al2O3, Fe2O3, CuO) on the physicomechanical properties of filled polyurethane compositions based on SKU PFL-100 prepolymer manufactured by Kazan Synthetic Rubber Plant JSC cured with 4,4'-methylene bis-(orthochloraniline) (MOCA) was studied. Dispersion analysis of the studied fillers is made. It was shown that the studied powders are prone to agglomeration. According to the specific surface area of the particles, the studied metal oxide powders are arranged as follows: Al2O3 - Fe2O3 - SiO2 - CuO. A discussion was made of the contribution of such factors as the area of interfacial contact, the structure and adsorption properties of the particle surface to the interaction at the oxide-polyurethane interface. It is shown that the decisive factor affecting the level of physical and mechanical properties is the nature of the filler (hydrophilicity, particle surface structure). The nature and concentration of nanosized particles of metal oxides were evaluated for the physicomechanical properties of the polymer under study. The initial and modified compositions were studied by thermogravimetric analysis. As a result of the studies, the basic laws that determine the effect of nanoscale additives of metal oxides on the properties of polymer systems are determined. It was shown that the introduction of 1% of the studied excipients is optimal. The highest values of physical and mechanical characteristics were recorded for polyurethane samples filled with copper oxide. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that by adding iron oxide additives it is possible to increase the heat-resistant properties of the polymer at operating temperatures up to 300 °C.