Abstract
Introduction: Hemoptysis is a common but distressing and alarming symptom in a patient. Data related to detail clinical profile and follow up study of hemoptysis are lacking.
 Objective: This study was carried out to see the clinical profile of patients with hemoptysis and to study the recurrences in tertiary care centre of province 1 within the study period.
 Methodology: This was a prospective observational study conducted at the department of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine of Nobel Medical College and Teaching Hospital, Biratnagar, Nepal. The study was carried out between 30th January 2017 to 1st February 2020. For follow up of recurrences of hemoptysis, the patients were asked for regular chest clinic follow up and regular telephone calls made to the patients, in case, patients could not attend the chest clinic for any reason.
 Results: A total of 150 patients were enrolled over the last 3 years. Among them 75% were male. The maximum number of patients (27%) were between 31-40 years of age group. Old sequelae of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) (32%) and bronchiectasis (28%) were the commonest cause of hemoptysis. Lung cancer (10%) and active PTB (10%) were other causes of hemoptysis. CT scan of the chest provided the highest (84%) diagnostic yield. Most of the cases were having mild hemoptysis (50%). 17% of the patients in our study had recurrences of hemoptysis.
 Conclusion: Old PTB sequelae with bronchiectasis (fibrobronchiectasis) were the commonest cause of hemoptysis. Conservative management worked most effectively in controlling hemoptysis, if used properly.
Highlights
Coughing out of blood is very alarming and distressing to any pa ent and need urgent medical a en on
For follow up of recurrences of hemoptysis, the pa ents were asked for regular chest clinic follow up and regular telephone calls made to the pa ents, in case, pa ents could not a end the chest clinic for any reason
Ac ve Pulmonary Tuberculosis was defined as the pa ents having both the sputum posi ve for acid fast bacilli (AFB) and/or
Summary
Coughing out of blood is very alarming and distressing to any pa ent and need urgent medical a en on. Pulmonary tuberculosis was the commonest cause but the scenario has changed over last many years because of increased detec on of other diseases, occurrences of treatment related consequences and consump on of tobacco.[3] Course and prognosis of hemoptysis ranges from self limita on and symptom allevia on, requiring conserva ve management to interven ons like bronchial artery emboliza on and thoracic surgery depending upon the causes.[4] Detailed evalua on including imaging and bronchoscopic studies are essen al to reach the diagnosis. In more than one third of the cases the cause could not be found even a er special inves ga ons that again gave mental, financial and temporal trauma to the pa ents.[5] The aim of the study was to document the e ology, diagnos c and treatment methods in hemoptysis and to evaluate their outcomes
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