Abstract
The effect of starting charge composition used for growth on the crystalline perfection, optical, thermoluminescent and radiation hardness of CdWO 4 (CWO) single crystals has been investigated. One of the major problems faced with the growth of defect free crystals is the presence of a core-like defect. The loss of CdO by evaporation, which makes the melt progressively rich in WO 3, is found to be the main cause of core formation. This problem has been overcome by employing a starting charge rich in CdO, the pull rates in the range of 2–3 mm/h and maintaining a convex solid–melt interface during the growth. The crystals grown from starting charges containing ∼53 mol% CdO exhibit excellent optical transmission, high radiation hardness towards gamma rays and extremely weak thermoluminescence (TL) emission, the characteristics which are the most desirable for any scintillator crystal. In the TL glow curves recorded for stoichiometric crystals, only one glow peak around 148°C is observed. Minute stoichiometric deviations are found to shift the glow peak temperature towards higher temperature side and enhance the TL output considerably. The stoichiometric crystals are found not to develop coloration for gamma exposures of 10 Mrad.
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