Study of genetic diversity in different wheat species with various genomes based on morphological characteristics and zinc use efficiency under two zinc-deficient growing conditions

Majid Abdoli,Behzad Sadeghzadeh,Ezatollah Esfandiari,Seyed-Bahman Mousavi,Aliasghar Aliloo

doi:10.14720/aas.2019.113.1.13

Abstract

Screening of cash crops to tolerate and grow under low levels of micronutrients is important issue in the plant breeding programs. Thus, the study screened the tolerance of 50 wheat genotypes to zinc (Zn) deficiency in the calcareous soil. The Zn treatment was carried out with application of 5 mg kg-1 (+Zn) and without (-Zn) to the collected soils with initial Zn extractable of 0.5 mg Zn kg-1 soil. The results revealed that the supplementary application significantly increased shoot dry matter, shoot Zn concentration and shoot Zn content compared to the without Zn application (control), but Zn utilization decreased under Zn application. There was considerable genetic variation in Zn efficiency (55 - 118 %), shoot Zn concentration (11.8 - 27.0 and 14.3 - 39.6 mg kg-1 DM under deficient and sufficient Zn, respectively), shoot Zn content (0.56 - 2.02 and 0.90 - 2.83 µg plant-1, under deficient and sufficient Zn, respectively) and Zn utilization efficiency (39 - 87.2 and 31.2 - 71.5 mg DM µg-1 Zn under deficient and sufficient Zn, respectively) within wheat genotypes. Cluster analysis based on Zn efficiency, and shoot dry matter at deficient and adequate Zn conditions classified the genotypes into four clusters. Over the two conditions, the most Zn-efficient and Zn-unefficient genotypes were ‘Ankara-98’ and ‘Altintoprak-98’ and ‘Pg"S’ and ‘Zarin’, respectively. Most durum genotypes had a greater Zn efficiency than modern bread wheat genotypes, therefore these genotypes could be effectively used to breed the new cultivars with high Zn efficiency for calcareous soils.

Highlights

Zinc deficiency is one of the common restricting factors in crops production, especially cereals, in world (Alloway, 2008)
The aims of this study were (i) to screen fifty genotypes of durum and bread wheat for their potential to use of Zn element at early growth stages, (ii) to identify the most Zn-efficient and Zn-inefficient wheat genotypes to be utilized in further genetic studies, and (iii) assess the impact of Zn application on shoot dry matter, Zn concentration and content, and Zn utilization efficiency in wheat
Shoot dry matter was influenced by genotype and Zn application (Table 3), and significant genetic differences were observed at both deficient and sufficient Zn supplies

Summary

Introduction

Zinc deficiency is one of the common restricting factors in crops production, especially cereals, in world (Alloway, 2008). The investigations has been estimated that approximately up to 40 % of the soils under wheat production areas of Iran are encountered with a level of Zn-deficiency which has drastically influenced the crop performance (Broadley et al, 2007; Esfandiari et al, 2016; Esfandiari and Abdoli, 2016). In these areas loss of yield is the main concern of farmers. To deal with the problem, applications of different Zn-source of chemical fertilizers are proposed to enhance the plant growth and development, and increase crop yield (Sadeghzadeh et al, 2009; Bharti et al, 2013; Abdoli et al, 2014; Guo et al, 2016; Esfandiari et al, 2016)

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