STUDY OF GENDER SOCIALIZATION OF PRESCHOOL CHILDREN IN THE CONTEXT OF SOCIAL-AND-HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF SOCIETY

Abstract

The relevance of the study arises because of the need to consider gender socialization of the individual from the positions of social expectations, cultural characteristics, traditions, education within society as a macroenvironment of preschool children. Analysis of the genesis of gender research in the context of social-and-historical development of society outlines the current problems of gender socialization of the individual and the pedagogical components of this issue. Therefore, the purpose of the article is to reveal the features of gender socialization of the preschooler in the context of social-and-historical development of society. The author reveals general tendencies of modern researches in the sphere of gender problems and with the help of systemic-and-structural analysis, comparison and generalization of pedagogical, psychological and ethnographic scientific sources investigates a social-and-historical aspect of development of society where gender formation of the person takes place. It was found in particular that at different stages of development of society, children in the process of gender socialization had common methods and goals of parental influence including training the obedience, responsibility for participation in household activities and in the performance of household duties; training the elder siblings to care for younger ones; forming the need to achieve results through competition and evaluation of the quality of performance; fostering independence, the ability to take care of themselves, not to depend on the help of others, to meet own needs and desires. The interdependence between the level of development of society and its attitude to children in general and the process of gender socialization in particular is revealed. The analysis of various sources gives grounds to assert that in different historical periods of society's development the attitude to children and the formation of skills of intersex communication were changing. The study of childhood history revealed a consistent rapprochement between a child and an adult. The analyzed researches allow us to conclude that the development of society complicates the spheres of life of the preschool child, affects the process of socialization and increases its value in culture. The combination of historical and pedagogical approaches with the achievements of modern science will provide real opportunities for the development of effective methods of forming valuable attitude towards preschool children.