STUDY OF FRUIT TREES SPRING VACCINATIONS IN THE MIDDLE VOLGA AREA ENVIRONMENT

Abstract

The purpose of research is improvement of the spring vaccinations technology, increase the yield of fruit seedlings, stone fruit crops per unit area of the nursery. Objects of research: seed rootstocks of stone fruit trees - Magalebskaya cherry and wild plum, Anis apple stocks, V. I. Budagovsky clonal rootstocks 54-118, 62-396 and pears - the stocks of forest pear. On these rootstocks planted cuttings zoned and promising varieties of apples, pears, cherries, plums and apricots, made in the State Register of the Middle Volga Area, by the method of improved copulation. The survival rate of grafting on all fruit trees was high and did not depend on the breed. From the stone fruit varieties the survival rate of grafting was better on cherry and merry trees, and slightly worse - on plums. The survival rate of grafting depends on the stock, plant, variety, weather conditions during the fusion of grafted components. Especially effective is spring grafting during reproduction of stone friut trees, as the output of stocks compared with budding has been greatly increased. Out of stone fruit trees the most problematic in breeding is apricot. However, the spring grafting provides a sufficiently high survival rate of the breed. The stocks winter conditions overcoming can also have a significant impact on the survival rate of grafting made on them. In our case, in all the years of observations, winter conditions overcoming were up to the norm and did not affect the quality of the rootstocks.