Study of frost resistance and drought resistance of apple tree varieties of VNIISPK breeding on clonal rootstock 54–118

Anna Galasheva,Nina Krasova,S Knyazev,V Kukhar,O Panfilova,M Tsoy,O Loretts

doi:10.1051/e3sconf/202125401005

Abstract

Apple tree varieties on clonal rootstock 54–118 were studied in terms of frost resistance and drought resistance. The purpose of the research is to study the resistance to frost and drought of apple tree varieties of VNIISPK breeding on clonal rootstock 54–118. Climatic conditions affect fruit trees and further lead to a sharp decrease in the fruit productivity and commercial qualities. The problem study of resistance to various extreme growing conditions (including frost, low temperatures, drought and high temperatures) is relevant. A variety that has a high resistance under various adverse weather conditions is considered as winter-hardy, i.e. shows all the components of frost resistance. The study of the main components of winter hardiness (I, III, IV) showed that apple tree varieties (Orlik, Venyaminovskoye, Sinap Orlovsky, Veteran, Svezhest, Rozhdestvenskoye, Bolotovskoye - of the FSBSI VNIISPK breeding; Antonovka obyknovennaya - of local selection on clonal rootstock 54–118) had minor bud damage. The bark and wood were not damaged. When studying the total water content of leaf tissues during the growing season, all varieties on the clonal rootstock 54–118 were assigned to the average level of hydration. In laboratory conditions, over the years of research, the varieties had a high indicator of the ability to restore water content of leaf tissues after drought. On the clonal rootstock 54–118 the apple tree varieties are able to withstand thaws, spring frosts, droughts and dry winds.

Highlights

At the end of the XX and at the beginning of the XXI centuries, Russian and foreign scientists-breeders bred dozens of new, fast-growing and adaptive apple tree varieties suitable for intensive type gardens [1]
The purpose of our research is to study the frost resistance and drought resistance of apple tree varieties on clonal rootstock 54-118
Due to changes in climatic conditions, the number of warm winters has increased in recent decades, which negatively affects the frost resistance of apple trees [22]

Summary

Introduction

At the end of the XX and at the beginning of the XXI centuries, Russian and foreign scientists-breeders bred dozens of new, fast-growing and adaptive apple tree varieties suitable for intensive type gardens [1]. The purpose of our research is to study the frost resistance and drought resistance of apple tree varieties on clonal rootstock 54-118. Frost resistance is a hereditary trait of the genotype to resist a complex of unfavorable winter conditions, so the choice of the most resistant winter maturation varieties period is of great importance in production [5, 6]. The variety, the rootstock, the growing conditions, the age of the tree, the crop load in the previous year - all of this affect the tree frost resistance [7, 8]

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