Study of fetomaternal outcome of teenage pregnancy in a tertiary care hospital

Abstract

Background: The objective is to study the fetomaternal outcome in teenage pregnancy at Government Maternity Hospital, S V Medical College, Tirupathi for the study period of 1 year from June 2021 to May 2022. Teenage pregnancy is a worldwide health problem. WHO defined adolescence as the period from 10-19 years? It is a serious health problem in a developing country like India. Teenage pregnancy is associated with high risk of prematurity, low birthweight, preeclampsia and anaemia.Methods: It is a retrospective study conducted in a tertiary care hospital at GMH, SVMC, Tirupathi over a period of 1 year. 1325 teenage pregnant women were included in the study out of 12992 pregnant women admitted for delivery during the study period. Results: Study showed the incidence of teenage pregnancies as 10.1%. Among these teenage pregnant women 87% had anemia, 21.6% had gestational hypertension, 7% had eclampsia, 6% had intrauterine death and malpresentations were noted in 4%. Intrapartum complications noted in the study are preterm labor (41.9%), cephalopelvic disproportion(25.8%), fetal distress(22.4%) and obstructed labor(0.3%). 52 cases were complicated with postpartum hemorrhage, 2 with puerperal sepsis and 6 with retained placenta. 2 cases of maternal deaths occurred due to antepartum eclampsia and pulmonary edema. LSCS rate was 27%, 65.9% had normal vaginal deliveries and 11.9% had instrumental deliveries. Among the total births 57.8% were low birth weight.Conclusions: Teenage pregnancy is associated with increased incidence of anemia, pre-eclampsia, eclampsia, preterm delivery, instrumental delivery, low birth weight and perinatal death. The healthcare provider should consider teenage pregnancy as high risk pregnancy and should emphasise for more number of antenatal visits to identify the risk as early as possible.