Study of catalytic activity of free and K10 -supported iron oxyhydroxides and oxides in the Friedel–Crafts benzylation reaction using benzyl chloride/alcohol to understand their role in the catalysis by the Fe-exchanged/impregnated K10 catalysts

Abstract

α-Fe 2O 3, γ-Fe 2O 3 and Fe 3O 4 were prepared in the free form and also supported on montmorillonite K10 in situ. The resultant catalysts were activated at 120 °C (except for Fe 3O 4) and were used for the Friedel–Crafts benzylation of different arenes using benzyl chloride. The catalysts were characterised using FTIR and XRD. The reactions were carried out at different temperatures. Exceptional activity was found to be associated with K10-γ-Fe 2O 3 the catalyst was reusable. K10-Fe 3+ and FeCl 3 impregnated K10 were also prepared and activated at 550 °C; their activities were compared with the above catalysts. All the forms of iron(III) oxyhydroxides and oxides were used for benzylation reaction using benzyl alcohol to study the decreasing in acidity on calcination of FeCl 3-exchanged and impregnated K10.