Abstract
The major battle that the human civilization is facing in the present era is regarding pollution; one of a serious threat among these pollutions is the contamination of water bodies due to oil spills. Oil spills from ships, tankers, or leaks in marine oil pipes are something that is needed to deal with to make the earth a better place. To protect the water and the environment, this oil should be removed from the water or the surface. The chances for oil spills have reduced as we have observed there is a significant change in the pattern with the decrease of the use of tankers and pipelines for oil and petroleum derivatives. The point should be that according to the researchers, the marine ecosystem is damaged even more by the other sources of pollution even though the event of oil spills is certainly much sensational. There is an urgent requirement of advanced eco-friendly tools to eliminate spilled oil. Some studies suggest that the use of organic matter may be an effective step in such an oil spilled scenario. Organic matter acts as a sorbent, a surfactant, and a separator and can make using a variety of ingredients such as organic, inorganic, synthetic, or different, but they must interact with the biological system. Some organic materials can contaminate the water more than the oil that is spread, so eco-friendly, non-toxic, low-cost organic matter should be used for oil removal and recovery. If the oil is recovered from the environmental surface, then after the successful removal of that oil, it can be conducive to sustainable development. This review summarizes the overall perspective on the potential of different biomaterials for the removal of accidentally spilled oils.
Highlights
Spilled oil Worldwide, oil is considered a source of energy in various industrial applications
A variety of sorbents which are bio-based covered in this review paper are beneficial in treating oily wastewater, a steep reduction in oil content from water, re-utilization of waste, and recovery of oil
Biomaterials which are used for the removal of oil have a good affinity towards oily product than water; otherwise, it can adsorb water from the surface of the ocean
Summary
Oil is considered a source of energy in various industrial applications. Many raw materials for the production of chemical and synthetic polymers are derived from oils (Almeida et al 2019). The Stockholm Declaration of 1972 on the Human Environment (EPA Oil Spill Response Techniques 2017) in its principle 22 addresses the issue of liability once oil spills occur in oceans and provides under international law for tackling the same. It makes suggestions on the means of tackling pollution through environmental-friendly means. Studies have shown that mechanical and chemical methods are not widely used due to their high cost and ineffective oil removal capacity (Alaa El-Din et al 2018) Management of these wastes and later cleanup have necessitated the development of technologies to conduct the cleaning. The importance of this review is to evaluate the adsorption capacity of different biomaterials for oil spill management along with their strengths and weaknesses
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