Study of Air Pollutions Caused by Exhaust Gases Emitted from Gasoline Vehicles in Erbil City

Abstract

The environmental pollution caused by exhaust gas during parking in Erbil City’s Periodic Vehicle Inspection (PVI) was studied. The purpose of this research is to measure vehicle exhaust emissions from Erbil (PVI) gasoline vehicles. Tested the carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), oxygen (O2) and hydrocarbon (HC) emissions of gasoline vehicles. The statistical results show that there are significant differences between emission rates based on vehicle characteristics (such as fuel type, model year, engine fuel supply system, and regular maintenance). In addition, these factors will also affect the emission level test results based on the Iraqi vehicle emission standards. In addition, the emissions of these exhaust gases also depend on factors such as engine combustion design and operating conditions, fuel grade, lubricants, local road conditions and other factors, and continue to affect the concentration of pollutants emitted by vehicles (such as carbon dioxide and unburned hydrocarbons) These pollutants are very toxic to the human body and cause environmental pollution. Accurate estimates of pollutant emissions are needed to ensure proper design and implementation of air quality plans. Emission factors (EFs) are empirical functions between pollutant emissions and their activities. In this review article, in connection with the development of EFs found in emission models used to generate emission inventories, techniques for measuring emissions from road vehicles are studied. The emission measurement technologies covered include those most widely used for road vehicle emission data collection, namely chassis and engine dynamometer measurements, remote sensing, road tunnel research, and portable emission measurement systems (PEMS). The main advantages and disadvantages of each method with regard to emission modeling are presented. It also reviews ways in which EF can be derived from test data, with a clear distinction between data obtained under controlled conditions (engine and chassis dynamometer measurements using standard driving cycles) and measurements under real conditions.