Abstract
BackgroundThe burden of dementia is growing rapidly and has become a medical and social problem in Japan. Prospective cohort studies have been considered an effective methodology to clarify the risk factors and the etiology of dementia. We aimed to perform a large-scale dementia cohort study to elucidate environmental and genetic risk factors for dementia, as well as their interaction.MethodsThe Japan Prospective Studies Collaboration for Aging and Dementia (JPSC-AD) is a multisite, population-based prospective cohort study of dementia, which was designed to enroll approximately 10,000 community-dwelling residents aged 65 years or older from 8 sites in Japan and to follow them up prospectively for at least 5 years. Baseline exposure data, including lifestyles, medical information, diets, physical activities, blood pressure, cognitive function, blood test, brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and DNA samples, were collected with a pre-specified protocol and standardized measurement methods. The primary outcome was the development of dementia and its subtypes. The diagnosis of dementia was adjudicated by an endpoint adjudication committee using standard criteria and clinical information according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 3rd Revised Edition. For brain MRI, three-dimensional acquisition of T1-weighted images was performed. Individual participant data were pooled for data analyses.ResultsThe baseline survey was conducted from 2016 to 2018. The follow-up surveys are ongoing. A total of 11,410 individuals aged 65 years or older participated in the study. The mean age was 74.4 years, and 41.9% were male. The prevalence of dementia at baseline was 8.5% in overall participants. However, it was 16.4% among three sites where additional home visit and/or nursing home visit surveys were performed. Approximately two-thirds of dementia cases at baseline were Alzheimer’s disease.ConclusionsThe prospective cohort data from the JPSC-AD will provide valuable insights regarding the risk factors and etiology of dementia as well as for the development of predictive models and diagnostic markers for the future onset of dementia. The findings of this study will improve our understanding of dementia and provide helpful information to establish effective preventive strategies for dementia in Japan.
Highlights
IntroductionA national survey of dementia conducted by the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare of Japan found that the prevalence of dementia is 15% among individuals aged 65 and over [2]
The burden of dementia is growing rapidly and has become a medical and social problem in Japan
The findings of this study will improve our understanding of dementia and provide helpful information to establish effective preventive strategies for dementia in Japan
Summary
A national survey of dementia conducted by the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare of Japan found that the prevalence of dementia is 15% among individuals aged 65 and over [2] Based on this data, the number of patients with dementia in Japan was estimated to have been 4.62 million nationwide in 2012 and is expected to increase further, reaching about 7 million by 2025 [2, 3]. Epidemiological evidence has shown that the prevalence of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) has been increasing rapidly in Japan for the last 20 years [4] It has become an urgent national issue to establish comprehensive strategies for the prevention and treatment of dementia, AD, as well as for the care of affected individuals
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